| Year | Index | Rate of change |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 126.4 | 6.4% |
| 2022 | 118.8 | 9.2% |
| 2021 | 108.8 | 2.8% |
| 2020 | 105.8 | 0.4% |
| 2019 | 105.4 | 1.5% |
| 2018 | 103.9 | 1.9% |
| 2017 | 102.0 | 1.7% |
| 2016 | 100.2 | 0.2% |
| 2015 | 100.0 | 0.1% |
| 2014 | 99.9 | 0.6% |
| 2013 | 99.3 | 1.5% |
| 2012 | 97.9 | 2.6% |
| 2011 | 95.4 | 3.1% |
| 2010 | 92.5 | 2.1% |
| 2009 | 90.6 | 1.0% |
| 2008 | 89.7 | 3.5% |
| 2007 | 86.7 | 2.3% |
| 2006 | 84.7 | 2.2% |
| 2005 | 82.8 | 2.2% |
| 2004 | 81.1 | 2.0% |
| 2003 | 79.5 | 2.0% |
| 2002 | 78.0 | 2.1% |
| 2001 | 76.4 | 2.2% |
| 2000 | 74.7 | 1.9% |
General parameters
The sections hereafter present some key values used in the Standard Inputs that can also serve as a reference for other uses.
Inflation
The inflation levels have been calculated based on the Eurostat European Union region Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP)[1], as the yearly difference in the HICP. The HICP data was extracted from Eurostat HICP - annual data (average index and rate of change) database (prc_hicp_aind).The annual change in the index is shown in Table 1.
Exchange Rate Conversion
The currency exchange rates provided in Table 2 are based on the European Central Bank (ECB) rates that are published daily. [2]. The rates correspond to the average rate for the year 2022 and are used across this document for the purpose of currency conversion.
| Currency | EUR/currency | Currency/EUR |
|---|---|---|
| USD | 1.05 | 0.95 |
| GBP | 0.85 | 1.18 |
Cost of fuel
The cost of fuel used in this document is based on the 2022 average jet fuel price provided by IATA,[3], unless otherwise specified. All conversions are done using the values specified on this page.
| Currency | Price per barrel | Price per gallon | Price per kg |
|---|---|---|---|
| USD | 136 | 3.2 | 1.1 |
| EUR | 129 | 3.1 | 1.0 |
Conversion values
| From | To |
|---|---|
| 1 nautical mile (NM) | 1.852 km |
| 1 kilometre (km) | 0.53996 NM |
| 1 tonne (metric = 1 000 kg) of jet fuel | 325.33 US gallons |
| 1 235 litres | |
| 7.8 barrels | |
| 1 barrel (bbl) of jet fuel | 42 US gallons |
| 158.99 litres | |
| 0.1291 tonne = 129.10 kg | |
| 1 US gallon of jet fuel (US gal) | 3.7854 litres |
| 3.073 kg | |
| 6.7764 lb | |
| Density of kerosene | 0.812 kg/litre |
| 1 litre of fuel (l) | 0.26417 US gallons |
| 1 kilogramme of fuel (kg) | 2.2046 lb |
| 1 pound of fuel (lb) | 0.45359 kg |
| 1 US ton | 1.01605 tonne |
References
[1]
Eurostat, “Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP).” [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp. [Accessed: Jan. 26, 2023]
[2]
European Central Bank, “Euro foreign exchange reference rates,” European Central Bank. Dec. 2023 [Online]. Available: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/index.en.html. [Accessed: Dec. 12, 2022]
[3]
IATA, “Jet Fuel Price Monitor.” [Online]. Available: https://www.iata.org/en/publications/economics/fuel-monitor/. [Accessed: Dec. 12, 2023]